Learning tips-Grammar
Adjectives(2) Inflection
1. i-adjective Abbrebiation: i-adj.
2. na-adjective Abbrebiation: na-adj.
1. i-adj.
Watashi wa (ima) kanashiidesu. (polite) ima: now
present Watashi wa (ima) kanashii. (plain)
past
Watashi wa kinoo kanashikattadesu.(polite) kinoo: yesterday
Watashi wa kinoo kanashikatta.(plain)
present negative Watashi wa (ima) kanashikunaidesu. (polite)
omit "desu"-> plain
past negative Watashi wa kinoo kanashikunakattadesu.(polite)
omit "desu"-> plain
kanashii past: omit last i -> add katta desu/katta
(in case there are two i)
Inflection of i-adj.
affirmative | negative | |||
polite | plain | polite | plain | |
present | kanashi i desu | kanashi i | kanashi kunai desu | kanashi kunai |
past | kanashi katta desu | kanashi katta | kanashi kunakatta desu | kanashi kunakatta |
oni
Let's try making a sentence using "kowai" kowai ( scary, fearful)
Oni wa kowai desu. kowai ->omit i
(ogre )
-> kowa -> {katta desu
-> kowakattadesu
(past affirmative, polite)
2. na-adj.
Honda san
shimsetsuna
hanabi
kireina
Inflection of na-adj.
affirmative | negative | |||
polite | plain | polite | plain | |
present | shinsetsu desu | shinsetsu da |
shinsetsu dewa(or ja) dewa/ja naidesu
*1 or dewa/ja arimasen:*2 |
shinsetsu dewa/ja nai |
past | shinsetsu deshita | shinsetsu datta | shinsetsu dewa/ja nakatta desu or dewa/ja arimasendeshita |
shinsetsu dewa/ja nakatta |
*1 "dew" is used in written Japanese
"ja" is common in daily conversation
*2 Most Japanese textbook use "dewa (or ja) naidesu".
Let's make a sentense using "kireina"
Hanabi wa kirei desu. make past-negative sentence (polite)
start from kireina -> omit "na"
->kirei ->
add dewa nakatta desu
->kirei ja nakatta desu
Yasumimashoo!
takoyaki